Разбираем ЕГЭ по английскому языку: раздел «Аудирование»

Джалолова Светлана Анатольевна, учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Победитель Всероссийской Олимпиады учителей английского языка «Профи-край» 2015 год. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2014 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г.. Стаж работы — 23 года.

Недашковская Наталья Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2007 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Эксперт ГИА ОГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2007г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 35 лет.
Подвигина Марина Михайловна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Победитель ПНПО 2008 г. Победитель конкурсного отбора на соискание Гранта Москвы в сфере образования 2010г. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Проводила педагогическую экспертизу учебных изданий при РАО 2015-2016. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2015 г., Грамота победителя конкурса лучших учителей РФ 2008г., Диплом победителя конкурса на соискание Гранта Москвы 2010 г. Стаж работы — 23 года.
Трофимова Елена Анатольевна, Учитель английского языка Высшей квалификационной категории. Старший эксперт ГИА ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Почетная грамота Министерства образования РФ 2013 г. Стаж работы — 15 лет.

---

Раздел 1 «Аудирование» включает в себя 3 задания

• понимание основного содержания прослушанного текста;
• понимание в прослушанном тексте запрашиваемой информации или определение в нем ее отсутствия;
• полное и точное понимание прослушанного текста.

Рекомендуемое время выполнения данного раздела — 30 минут. Максимальный результат — 20 баллов.

---

Задание 1. Задание B1 — B6 на установление соответствия между высказываниями каждого говорящего A-F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-6. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными  в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей буквой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Прежде, чем приступить к выполнению заданий, необходимо внимательно прочитать утверждения, данные в списке и подчеркнуть ключевые слова. Представленные утверждения связаны одной темой, поэтому необходимо обратить особое внимание на отличительные черты высказываний. После прочтения задания, оно может выглядеть следующим образом:

1. In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike
2. It's basically OK but I'm not sure they use proper bikes
3. I don’t use bikes but I like the cycling system in that city
4. Riding a bike is, first of all, a very healthy habit
5. I find the system useful though I don't bike very often
6. The bikes they use here are not good for the hilly area
7. The politicians there are against biking and bikers.

При выполнении данного задания не требуется полное понимание аудиотекста, поэтому важно определить ключевые слова и обязательно помнить, что в аудиотексте для высказывания основной мысли фрагмента будут использоваться синонимы, синонимичные конструкции.

Speaker A. The city bike system in Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is very well developed. The bicycles have motors to help you go uphill, and you get them out of the locked stands by leaving a deposit. There are different ways to pay and the cost is low. I can't bike myself because I don’t have a good sense of balance but I saw lots of those bikes last summer when I visited Helsinki.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 1 / Speaker A определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
The city bike system in Helsinki … is very well developed. I can't bike myself	3. I like the cycling system in that city I don’t use bikes

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 3 — I don’t use bikes but I like the cycling system in that city.

Speaker B. Glasgow's city bike system is terrible. Big, heavy London style bikes in a city built on a series of steep hills? We should have mountain bikes the same way they do in places with a similar geography (like in Norway). The bicycle lanes are terrible as well. The whole system was obviously designed by those who have never cycled in the city. The worst part is that the money has been spent now and we won't get it back. 

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 2 / Speaker B определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
Big, heavy London style bikes in a city built on a series of steep hills? We should have mountain bikes	6. The bikes   …  are not good for the hilly area

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 6 — The bikes they use here are not good for the hilly area.

Speaker C. In Hamburg the first half hour is free. Most journeys take maximum half an hour or less. You pay a nominal fee of €5 to register but this becomes credit for your first journey. Thus, the system is effectively free. If you do go over half an hour it's 6c or 8c a minute to a maximum of €12. The bikes are of excellent quality. They even have children’s bikes in different sizes if you are travelling with your parents which I often do!

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 3 / Speaker C определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
In Hamburg the first half hour is free. Most journeys take maximum half an hour or less.	1. In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 1 — In this city you pay practically nothing for renting a bike.

Speaker D. In Sydney, Australia, the city bike system is a complete failure. Why? We have a corrupt state Liberal National Party government that fights a bike-friendly progressive council at every turn. We also have a Murdoch Sydney tabloid called 'The Daily Telegraph' which demonises bicycle riders and bike infrastructure. God knows who they represent or who is paying them... extremely dumb big business? It’s basically bicycle rider’s hell.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 4 / Speaker D определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
a corrupt state Liberal National Party government  fights a bike-friendly progressive council	7. The politicians there are against biking and bikers

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 7 — The politicians there are against biking and bikers.

Speaker E. I have a feeling some cities have city bike systems because it is cool, I mean cool hip cities have to have city bike systems, right? I believe Las Vegas started something where you can share your own bike. I am just not sure if the beach cruisers they are using are the best city bikes. And that’s exactly what they are using all over Las Vegas.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 5/ Speaker E определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
…cool hip cities have to have city bike systems, right?  I am just not sure if the beach cruisers they are using are the best city bikes	2. It's basically OK but I'm not sure they use proper bikes

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 2 — It's basically OK but I'm not sure they use proper bikes.

Speaker F. Even though I rarely use the service I have just renewed my Dublinbike subscription. The closest station is about a fifteen minute walk from my home, so expansion would be welcome. However, the expansion plans are being postponed by a lack of funding as sponsorship is not enough to cover the costs. Trams in the center of Dublin make cycling very unpleasant.

При прослушивании Аудиофрагмента 6/ Speaker F определяем основную информацию:	У нас есть утверждение, где мы определили ключевые слова:
I rarely use the service The closest station is about a fifteen minute walk from my home, so expansion would be welcome.	5. I don't bike very often. I find the system useful

Соответственно выбираем утверждение 5 — I find the system useful though I don't bike very often.

Учащимся необходимо помнить, что одно из утверждений является лишним. В данном случае – это утверждение 4 — Riding a bike is, first of all, a very healthy habit. Ни в одном из аудиотекстов не говорилось о пользе велосипедного спорта для здоровья.

---

Скачать бесплатно все аудиоприложения к «Forward»

---

Задание 2А – 2G

Задание 2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведенных утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды. У Вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

Для успешного выполнения данного задания следует помнить следующее:

• Необходимо извлекать запрашиваемую информацию из реплик каждого говорящего
• Важно понимать разницу между вариантом «Неверно» и вариантом «В тексте не сказано». Неверное предложение содержит информацию, которая противоречит аудиотексту, а вариант «В тексте не сказано» означает, что в аудиотексте ничего не говорится по этому поводу.

Прежде, чем приступать к выполнению данного задания, необходимо внимательно прочитать утверждения и попробовать представить, о чем будет говориться в аудиотексте. В данном задании нельзя предположить правильный ответ до прослушивания. До прослушивания можно представить, какая информация может потребоваться (дата, время, цифры и т.д.), чтобы решить для себя во время прослушивания какое утверждение верное, какое — нет, о каком высказывании ничего не говорится в аудиотексте.

Рассмотрим аудиотекст диалога и утверждения к нему:
1. Joan and Steve begin with settling the date of the party
2. Joan and Steve were satisfied with the last year's party
3. Steve is not sure how to spell the name of the new Indian restaurant
4. Steve visited the Park View Hotel before
5. Joan will call the restaurants
6. Joan and Steve agree on the price of £12 a head
7. The boss of Joan and Steve is a vegetarian.

Joan: Right, Steve…About our party! Let’s try and get it sorted out today so we don’t have it hanging over us. OK?
Steve: Good idea, Joan. I’ll take notes.
Joan: First — dates… well. That’s straightforward.
Steve: The last working day before Christmas… which is…
Joan: … which is December 21^st.
Steve: …which is going to be pretty difficult to book at Christmas so we’d better think of two or three places just to be on the safe side.
Joan: Well, last year was a disaster.
Steve: The Red Lion, wasn’t it?
Joan: Yeah. We ought to go for something more expensive, ‘cause you… Steve: … you get what you pay for.
Joan: That new Indian restaurant in Wetherfield is supposed to be excellent… the Rajdoot.
Steve: How do you spell that?
Joan: R-A-J-D-O-O-T.
Steve: But it’s bound to be packed.
Joan: Well, let’s put that down as the first choice and have some back-ups. What about the Park View Hotel as the second choice?
Steve: Yes, that’s always reliable. Park View Hotel…
Joan: And the London Arms just in case.
Steve: London Arms…
Joan: I’ll call them now if you want.
Steve: No. I’ll do it, Joan. You are really busy. Have you got the numbers? Joan: Not for the Rajdoot, but … right… Park View Hotel: 777193 and … London Arms: 207658.
Steve: Great. Before I ring, we’d better just make sure they are within the price range.
Joan: Up to £15 a head?
Steve: I think you’ll find some people won’t be able to go that high.
Joan: Well, you can’t get anything decent under £10.
Steve: OK. We’ll say £12?
Joan: OK.
Steve: And we’d better make sure there’s good vegetarian food.
Joan: Yes, you know what the boss is like.
Steve: Don’t remind me. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out anything.

1. Joan and Steve begin with settling the date of the party.

Joan: Right, Steve…About our party! Let’s try and get it sorted out today so we don’t have it hanging over us. OK?
Steve: Good idea, Joan. I’ll take notes.
Joan: First — dates… well. That’s straightforward

Ответ — 1. Джоан и Стив начинают диалог с того, что собираются определиться с датами своего праздника.

2. Joan and Steve were satisfied with the last year's party.

Steve: …which is going to be pretty difficult to book at Christmas so we’d better think of two or three places just to be on the safe side.
Joan: Well, last year was a disaster.
Steve: The Red Lion, wasn’t it?
Joan: Yeah. We ought to go for something more expensive, ‘cause you…
Steve: … you get what you pay for.

Ответ — 2. Стив и Джоан отнюдь не были удовлетворены вечеринкой (were satisfied), оба собеседника считают, что поздний заказ ресторана, невозможность выбора ресторана в канун праздника было катастрофой (was a disaster) для вечеринки в прошлом году.

3. Steve is not sure how to spell the name of the new Indian restaurant.

Joan: That new Indian restaurant in Wetherfield is supposed to be excellent… the Rajdoot.
Steve: How do you spell that?
Joan: R-A-J-D-O-O-T.

Ответ — 1. Стив просит произнести название ресторана по буквам.

4. Steve visited the Park View Hotel before.

Joan: Well, let’s put that down as the first choice and have some back-ups. What about the Park       View Hotel as the second choice?
Steve: Yes, that’s always reliable. Park View Hotel…
Joan: And the London Arms just in case.

Ответ — 3. Стив в диалоге всего лишь говорит, что the Park View Hotel (ресторан) — надежен. Никаких указаний на то, что Стив там был ранее нет.

5. Joan will call the restaurants.

Joan: I’ll call them now if you want.
Steve: No. I’ll do it, Joan. You are really busy. Have you got the numbers?

Ответ — 2, так как Джоан вызывается обзвонить рестораны, но Стив против и собирается сделать это сам.

6. Joan and Steve agree on the price of £12 a head.

Steve: Great. Before I ring, we’d better just make sure they are within the price range.
Joan: Up to £15 a head?
Steve: I think you’ll find some people won’t be able to go that high.
Joan: Well, you can’t get anything decent under £10.
Steve: OK. We’ll say £12?
Joan: OK.

Ответ — 1. Джоан и Стив согласны на сумму 12 долларов с человека.

7. The boss of Joan and Steve is a vegetarian.

Steve: And we’d better make sure there’s good vegetarian food.
Joan: Yes, you know what the boss is like.
Steve: Don’t remind me. I’ll let you know as soon as I find out anything.

Ответ — 1. Стив и Джоан стремятся убедиться в наличии хорошего вегетарианского меню для начальника.

---

Скачать бесплатно все аудиоприложения к «Rainbow English»

---

Задания 3-9 Множественный выбор. Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды

Прежде чем выполнять данное задание, необходимо внимательно прочитать вопросы в задании, найти в них ключевые слова и подчеркнуть их, постараться подобрать синонимы к ключевым словам. Обращайте внимание не столько на слова, сколько на контекст. Большое значение в этом задании имеет контекст, так как и правильные, и неправильные варианты могут содержать слова и выражения из аудиотекста. В этом задании, как и в предыдущем, необходимо следить за репликами каждого участника диалога, так как запрашиваемая информация может быть в репликах любого участника интервью.

Рассмотрим аудиотекст интервью и утверждения к нему:

Presenter: Tonight we continue talking with Dr Strait. So far we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions. So I think you should be ready for today’s talk on ‘matching the person to the job’.
Dr Strait: We’re going to talk today about the importance of choosing that all- round ‘right’ person.
Presenter: You mean we have to put ourselves into the role of the manager or supervisor?
Dr Strait: Yes. And then we are going to imagine how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with. So, we’ll look at some examples later.
Presenter: It’s just theoretical at the moment…
Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment. But if they start work and you realize that they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser.
Presenter: Wouldn’t it be just a question of company training though?
Dr Strait: Not always. Particularly in a team situation and I think it’s important to think in terms of that type of working environment. People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people for this.
Presenter:  But it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview... I mean you can’t just do that. Even if you try, you won’t find out what they are really like until they actually start work.
Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.
Presenter: But it doesn’t tell you anything. It doesn’t tell you if they are easygoing or hate smokers or whatever.
Dr Strait: Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character, but also … more and more employers around the world are making use of what is called ‘a personality questionnaire’ to help them select new staff and…
Presenter: Sorry, what’s it called?
Dr Straight: A Personality Questionnaire. They have to be filled out by the candidates sometime during the selection procedure, often just before an interview. The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work. They’ve gained a lot of ground since then and there are about 80,000 different tests available now and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.
Presenter: Which makes you think that there (fade out)

1) Which of the following is emphasised in the introduction?

1. Interviews
2. Staff selection
3. Question techniques

Presenter: Tonight we continue talking with Dr Strait. So far we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection and I think by now you should all be beginning to see how much more there is to it than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions. So I think you should be ready for today’s talk on ‘matching the person to the job’.
Dr Strait: We’re going to talk today about the importance of choosing that all- round ‘right’ person.

Which of the following is emphasised in the introduction? / Во вступлении подчеркивается (is emphasised in the introduction)
2.Staff selection	В тексте говорится, что выбор персонала (2) важнее (see how much more there is to it), чем интервью (1) и правильные вопросы — «Question techniques» (3). …than just putting the applicants through a short interview or asking the ‘right’ questions we’ve looked at various aspects of staff selection … you should  see how much more there is to it

Ответ: 2 — Staff selection

2) Dr Strait plans to discuss …

1. the value of team work.
2. basic managerial skills.
3. how an applicant would fit in a team.

Dr Strait: Yes. And then we are going to imagine how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with. So, we’ll look at some examples later
Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment.  

Dr Strait plans to discuss / Доктор Стрейт планирует обсудить (plans to discuss — are going to imagine)
3. how an applicant would fit in a team	how different applicants would fit into the team or group they have to work with.
1.the value of team work 2. basic managerial skills	нет в тексте

Ответ: 3 — how an applicant would fit in a team.

3) Dr Strait underlines the importance of an applicant’s…

1. qualifications.
2. experience.
3. group work skills.

Dr Strait: Yes. The point is you can select someone – even a friend – who has all the right qualifications… degrees… certificates, whatever.  You can also check that they have a lot of experience… that they’ve done the sort of tasks that you want them to do in your office already, in a similar environment. But if they start work and you realize that they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser. 

Dr Strait underlines the importance of an applicant’s / Доктор Стрейт подчеркивает, что соискателю важны
3.group work skills.	they start work and they just don’t get along with everybody else, that… say they’ve got sharply contrasting views on how something will work… well, with the best intentions you may be backing a loser.
1.qualifications, 2.experience	упоминаются в тексте, но судя по контексту всего отрывка, по значимости образование и опыт уступают умению работать в команде (см начало отрывка)

Ответ: 3 — group work skills.

4) According to Dr Strait, an important part of teamwork is having trust in your…

1. colleague’s ability.
2. employer's directions.
3. company training.

Presenter: Wouldn’t it be just a question of company training though?
Dr Strait: Not always. Particularly in a team situation and I think it’s important to think in terms of that type of working environment. People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people  for this. 

According to Dr Strait, an important part of teamwork is having trust in your / Доктор Стрейт считает, что необходимая составляющая командной работы — доверие/вера в (ком?) фраза не завершена ни по-английски, ни по-русски
1. colleague’s ability	People have to have faith in each other’s ability to carry out the task their boss has set them. They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job,
2.employer's directions. 3.company training.	в тексте есть слова - the task their boss has set them, а также — you can’t necessarily train people for this. Данные фразы употребляются в следующем контексте — верить в коллегу, которому начальник дает задание, необходимо доверять коллеге, нельзя доверие наработать тренировкой

Ответ: 1 — colleague’s ability

5) The presenter doubts the effectiveness of…

1. company training.
2. job interviews.
3. question techniques.

Presenter: But it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview... I mean you can’t just do that. Even if you try, you won’t find out what they are really like until they actually start work.                                             

The presenter doubts the effectiveness of / Журналист сомневается в эффективности собеседований (2. job interviews). Им произносится следующая фраза: …it’s like trying to find out what someone’s personality is like in a job interview... I mean you can’t just do that

1. company training 3. question techniques

А следующие фразы: «you can’t necessarily train people for this», « in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing…», которые можно посчитать за синонимичные выражения данных вопросов, звучат в аудиозаписи совсем в других контекстах и ВНИМАНИЕ! принадлежат не журналисту, а доктору Стрейт. 1) Dr Strait: They have to trust that everyone will do their part of the job, and you can’t necessarily train people for this. 2) Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.

Ответ: 2 — job interviews.

6) Dr Strait claims that finding out personal information is…

1. a skill that requires practice.
2. avoided by most interviewers.
3. already a part of job interviews.

Dr Strait: Well, in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time… that sort of thing… so employers are already involved in the practice of… well, doing part of the task.
Presenter: But it doesn’t tell you anything. It doesn’t tell you if they are easygoing or hate smokers or whatever
Dr Strait: Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character,

Dr Strait claims that finding out personal information is  / Доктор Стрейт считает, что якобы выяснение личной информации
3. is already a part of job interviews.	in most interviews you usually ask candidates questions  about their hobbies and what they like doing in their spare time Well, arguably it does give you information about an applicant’s character
1. a skill that requires practice. 2. avoided by most interviewers	в аудиотексте нет упоминания о том, что для выяснения личной информации нужен навык, который приобретается с практикой, а также нет информации о том, что лица, которые проводят собеседование избегают запрашивать личную информацию

Ответ: 3 — already a part of job interviews.

7) According to Dr Strait, Personality Questionnaires… 

1. have a very long history.
2. were first used by the military.
3. were invented by large employers.

Dr Straight: A Personality Questionnaire. They have to be filled out by the candidates sometime during the selection procedure, often just before an interview. The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work. They’ve gained a lot of ground since then and there are about 80,000 different tests available now and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.

According to Dr Strait, Personality Questionnaires / По мнению Доктора Стрейт данные опросники
1.have a very long history	The idea is actually quite old… they were used by the ancient Chinese
2. were first used by the military. 3. were invented by large employers	относительно использования опросников первыми в тексте четко звучит — they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work касательно изобретения опросников крупными работодателями аудиотекст также четко определяет: they were used by the ancient Chinese … and almost two thirds of the large employers use them.

Ответ: 1 — have a very long history.

По окончании выполнения зданий необходимо перенести ответы в бланк ответов.